AOD-9604
AOD-9604 is a modified fragment of human growth hormone (hGH amino acids 177-191) with an N-terminal tyrosine, developed by Professor Frank Ng at Monash University in collaboration with Metabolic…
Also known as: Advanced Obesity Drug, Modified hGH Fragment 176-191
Overview
AOD-9604 is a modified fragment of human growth hormone (hGH amino acids 177-191) with an N-terminal tyrosine, developed by Professor Frank Ng at Monash University in collaboration with Metabolic Pharmaceuticals Ltd (Australia). It stimulates lipolysis and inhibits lipogenesis through beta-3 adrenergic receptor upregulation without the growth-promoting effects of full hGH. Six clinical trials enrolling ~900 participants demonstrated excellent safety but the pivotal Phase IIb trial failed to show clinically meaningful weight loss, leading to development termination in 2007. Australia's TGA has approved it as iTRAM for intra-articular knee osteoarthritis. It is not FDA-approved and is WADA-prohibited.
Key Benefits
- Fat Loss / Lipolysis
- Lipogenesis Inhibition
- Metabolic Safety
Stimulates fat loss through lipolysis without growth hormone side effects. Does not increase IGF-1, affect glucose metabolism, or cause insulin resistance. Also shows promise for cartilage repair. Note: subcutaneous injection is community-derived — all six clinical trials used oral dosing.
Mechanism of Action
AOD-9604 acts through a dual mechanism: acutely, it stimulates lipolysis and energy expenditure through receptor-independent pathways; chronically, it upregulates beta-3 adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) expression in adipose tissue (restoring levels to lean-equivalent) to sustain fat oxidation. This was confirmed by knockout mouse studies where acute effects persisted but chronic weight loss was abolished without β3-AR. Crucially, it does not bind the GH receptor, does not increase IGF-1, and does not cause hyperglycemia or cell proliferation.
Pharmacokinetics
Peak plasma concentration: 15 min. Elimination half-life: 30 min. Largely cleared by: ~2.5 hrs.
Research Protocols Injectable
| Goal | Dose | Frequency | Route |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fat loss | 250-300mcg | Once daily | Subcutaneous |
| Enhanced fat loss | 400-500mcg | Once daily | Subcutaneous |
| Joint support | 250mcg | Once daily | Subcutaneous |
| Conservative start | 200mcg | Once daily | Subcutaneous |
Research protocols from published literature — not dosing recommendations.
Peptide Interactions
- Hyaluronic Acid — Synergistic: Research shows combined AOD-9604 and HA injections are more effective for cartilage repair than either alone.
- BPC-157 — Compatible: Different mechanisms of action. Sometimes combined in regenerative protocols.
- CJC-1295 — Compatible: AOD-9604 does not affect GH axis, allowing combination with GH secretagogues.
- Ipamorelin — Compatible: No known interactions. Different mechanisms - can be used together.
- Semaglutide — Compatible: Different fat loss mechanisms. May have complementary effects on weight management.
- Insulin — Compatible: AOD-9604 does not affect glucose metabolism or insulin sensitivity unlike full hGH.
Peptide Instructions Injectable
Supplies:
- Lyophilized AOD-9604 peptide vial
- Bacteriostatic water (BAC water)
- Insulin syringes (0.5-1mL)
- Alcohol swabs
- Sterile work surface
How to Reconstitute Injectable
- 1Allow vial to reach room temperature (15-20 minutes)
- 2Calculate required BAC water volume using calculator below
- 3Draw BAC water into syringe
- 4Inject slowly down vial side (not directly onto powder)
- 5Gently swirl until dissolved (never shake vigorously)
- 6Store reconstituted solution at 2-8°C and use within 28 days
What to Expect Injectable
Week 1-2: Minimal noticeable effects, compound building in system. Week 3-4: May notice subtle changes in body composition. Week 5-8: More noticeable fat loss, especially with diet and exercise. Week 8-12: Continued fat reduction, improved body composition. Side effects: Generally well-tolerated, mild injection site reactions possible.
Side Effects & Safety
Excellent safety in 6 RCTs (~900 participants) — zero serious adverse events, profile indistinguishable from placebo. 158,989 US compounding prescriptions filled with zero FDA FAERS adverse event reports (as of 2024). Does not affect blood glucose, insulin, or IGF-1 — safer metabolic profile than full hGH. No anti-AOD-9604 antibodies detected in any trial participant. May cause mild injection site reactions. Not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding. WADA prohibited substance — banned at all times under S.0 category. Long-term safety beyond 24 weeks has not been studied. FDA recommended against 503A bulks list inclusion in Dec 2024 citing immunogenicity concerns.
Excellent safety in 6 RCTs (~900 participants) — zero serious adverse events, profile indistinguishable from placebo. 158,989 US compounding prescriptions filled with zero FDA FAERS adverse event reports (as of 2024). Does not affect blood glucose, insulin, or IGF-1 — safer metabolic profile than full hGH. No anti-AOD-9604 antibodies detected in any trial participant. May cause mild injection site reactions. Not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding. WADA prohibited substance — banned at all times under S.0 category. Long-term safety beyond 24 weeks has not been studied. FDA recommended against 503A bulks list inclusion in Dec 2024 citing immunogenicity concerns.
Community Insights
AOD-9604 should be stored at Lyophilized: room temp short-term, freezer long-term. Reconstituted: 2-8°C for 28 days.
Molecular Information
References
- Phase IIa — Oral AOD-9604 for Obesity (2001-2002)
- Phase IIb OPTIONS Trial — Oral AOD-9604 for Obesity
- The 14-Kilodalton Human Growth Hormone Fragment a Potent Inhibitor of Angiogenesis and Tumor Metastasis
- Human Growth Hormone Fragment 176-191 Peptide Enhances the Toxicity of Doxorubicin-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles Against MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells
- Effect of Intra-articular Injection of AOD9604 with or without Hyaluronic Acid in Rabbit Osteoarthritis Model
- Detection and in vitro metabolism of AOD9604
- Osteoarthritis Cartilage Repair Study
- Safety and Tolerability of the Hexadecapeptide AOD9604 in Humans
- Human Safety & Tolerability — Pooled Analysis of 6 RCTs
- Increase of fat oxidation and weight loss in obese mice caused by chronic treatment with human growth hormone or a modified C-terminal fragment
- The effects of human GH and its lipolytic fragment (AOD9604) on lipid metabolism following chronic treatment in obese mice and beta(3)-AR knock-out mice
- Metabolic studies of a synthetic lipolytic domain (AOD9604) of human growth hormone
- Effects of oral administration of a synthetic fragment of human growth hormone on lipid metabolism
- Antilipogenic action of synthetic C-terminal sequence 177-191 of human growth hormone
- Antilipogenic Action of C-Terminal hGH Fragment
Research reference only. Not medical advice.