MOTS-c

MOTS-c is a 16-amino acid mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded by the mitochondrial genome. It acts as a mitohormone that regulates metabolic homeostasis, enhances insulin sensitivity, and promotes longevity. MOTS-c operates through the Folate-AICAR-AMPK pathway and can translocate to the nucleus under metabolic stress to regulate gene expression.

• Insulin Resistance
• Type 2 Diabetes
• Obesity Prevention

Enhanced insulin sensitivity, improved glucose metabolism, activation of AMPK pathway, mitochondrial function optimization, exercise performance enhancement, and potential longevity benefits.

MOTS-c operates through the Folate-AICAR-AMPK pathway, inhibiting the folate cycle and leading to AMPK activation. Under metabolic stress, it translocates to the nucleus and binds to stress-response transcription factors (NRF2, ATF1/ATF7) to regulate gene expression involved in metabolism, antioxidant response, and cellular stress adaptation.

Peak plasma concentration: 1 hr. Elimination half-life: 4 hrs. Largely cleared by: ~20 hrs.

Research protocols from published literature — not dosing recommendations.

• Metformin — Use Caution: Both activate AMPK pathway - may cause additive hypoglycemic effects. Monitor blood glucose closely.
• NAD+ Precursors — Synergistic: Complementary mitochondrial enhancement through different pathways. May amplify metabolic and anti-aging benefits.
• Growth Hormone Peptides — Compatible: Different mechanisms allow safe combination with potential synergistic metabolic benefits.
• Berberine — Monitor Combination: Both are AMPK activators with potential for additive glucose-lowering effects.
• Resveratrol — Synergistic: Complementary SIRT1/AMPK activation may enhance longevity and metabolic benefits.
• Diabetes Medications — Use Caution: Enhanced insulin sensitivity may require dose adjustments to prevent hypoglycemia.

Supplies:

• Lyophilized MOTS-c peptide vial
• Bacteriostatic water (BAC water)
• Insulin syringes (0.5-1mL)
• Alcohol swabs
• Sterile work surface

1. 1Allow vial to reach room temperature (15-20 minutes)
2. 2Calculate required BAC water volume using calculator below
3. 3Draw BAC water into syringe
4. 4Inject slowly down vial side (not directly onto powder)
5. 5Gently swirl until dissolved (never shake vigorously)
6. 6Store reconstituted solution at 2-8°C and use within 14 days

Week 1-2: AMPK pathway activation, initial glucose tolerance improvements. Week 2-4: Enhanced exercise capacity, improved insulin sensitivity. Week 4-8: Sustained metabolic benefits, potential body composition improvements. Week 8-12: Maximum mitochondrial function enhancement, metabolic flexibility. Side effects: Generally mild, possible injection site reactions.

Generally well-tolerated in animal studies with minimal side effects. Monitor blood glucose if using diabetes medications - may require dose adjustments. Limited long-term human safety data - use with appropriate medical supervision. May cause mild injection site reactions (redness, swelling). Not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Prohibited by WADA for competitive athletes (metabolic modulator).

Generally well-tolerated in animal studies with minimal side effects. Monitor blood glucose if using diabetes medications - may require dose adjustments. Limited long-term human safety data - use with appropriate medical supervision. May cause mild injection site reactions (redness, swelling). Not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Prohibited by WADA for competitive athletes (metabolic modulator).

MOTS-c should be stored at Lyophilized: room temp 3 weeks or freezer. Reconstituted: 2-8°C for 14 days.